HBSE Geography Syllabus for Class 12 2023-24: Download Syllabus PDF and Question Paper Design

Chapter 1 – Human Geography Nature and Region :-

Meaning of human geography, nature of human geography, human geography through the corridors of time, fields and sub-fields of human geography, approaches to human geography, the temporal evolution of human geography

Chapter 2 – Distribution Density and Growth : –

Patterns of population distribution in the world, density of population, population growth or change, trends of population growth, impact of population growth, demographic transition theory, measures of population control

Chapter 3 – Human Development : –

Meaning of Growth and Development, Four Pillars of Human Development, Approaches to Human Development, Measuring Human Development, International Comparison

Chapter 4 – Primary Activities: –

Meaning of primary activities, Types of primary activities, pastoralism, agriculture, meaning of mining, methods of mining, changing trends

Chapter 5 – Secondary Activities : –

Meaning of secondary activities, types of secondary activities, manufacturing, classification of manufacturing industries, the most important manufacturing industries in the world

Chapter 6 – Tertiary and Quaternary Activities:-

Meaning of tertiary activities, Types of tertiary activities, people engaged in tertiary activities, Tourism: an important activity, Meaning of Quaternary activities, Types of Quaternary activities, digital divide

Chapter 7 – Transport and Communication:-

Meaning of Transport, Means of Transport, Land Transport, Water Transport, Air Transport, Pipelines, Information Systems

Chapter 8 – International Trade :-

Meaning of International Trade, Why International Trade Exists, The Basis of International Trade, Volume of Trade, Balance of Trade, Types of International Trade, WTO, Ports as Gateways to International Trade

Chapter 1 – Population: Distribution, Density, Evolution and Structure:-

Distribution of population, density of population, increase in population, population structure (linguistic, religious etc.)

Chapter 2 – Human Settlements :-

Rural Settlements – Types and Distribution, Urban Settlements – Types, Distribution and Functional Classification, Development of Towns in India

Chapter 3 – Land Resources and Agriculture :-

Land Use Categories, Changes in Land Use in India, Agricultural Land Use in India, Problems of Indian Agriculture

Chapter 4 – Water Resources :-

Water Resources of India, Watershed Management, Rain Water Harvesting

Chapter 5 – Minerals and Energy Resources : –

Minerals, Distribution of Minerals in India, Spatial Pattern of Minerals, Energy Resources and Their Types

Chapter 6 – Planning and Sustainable Development in the Context of India 

Planning Approach, Target Area Planning, Hill Area Development Programme, Drought Prone Area Programme, Case Study – Integrated Tribal Development Project in *Bharmour* Area, Sustainable Development, Case Study Indira Gandhi Canal (Nahar) Command Area, Measures to Promote Sustainable Development

Chapter 7 – Transport and Communication :-

Means of Transportation, Land Transport, Rail Transport, Oil and Gas , Water Transport, Air Transport, Communication Networks

Chapter 8 – International Trade :-

Changing patterns of India’s international trade, sea ports and their hinterland and airports

Chapter 9 – Some issues and problems chosen in geographical perspective:-

Environmental pollution, land degradation, urbanization, slum problems